Principals’ Formal Education
Exhibit 8.5 presents principals’ reports about their formal education. On average, about half the students (48%) had principals with a postgraduate university degree, 45 percent had principals with a bachelor’s degree, and 7 percent had principals who had not completed a bachelor’s degree. In 41 of the 50 PIRLS 2016 countries, principals are required to have teaching experience and in 28 countries they must complete a leadership training program.
