Students with Reading Difficulties
Diagnostic Testing
Schools do not systematically test students to diagnose reading difficulties. Instead, teachers conduct frontline diagnostics that are confirmed through specialized testing by a psychologist or speech therapist. Since the 2011–2012 school year, at least one staff member in each primary or secondary school is required to be trained in the area of dyslexia.
Instruction for Children with Reading Difficulties
Students with reading difficulties often receive classroom support as a result of formative assessments and the differentiated education system. In most cases, this support consists of repeating activities (i.e., same instructional materials, process, and instructions). Once difficulties are detected, remedial teaching procedures can be implemented in and out of the classroom. In some instances, students may benefit from a supplementary school year. Some schools receive supplementary funding that allows them to enroll large numbers of students from disadvantaged backgrounds in projects related to reading.8
The special education system serves children and teenagers who require adapted education because of specific educational needs or limited learning abilities. Special education is available for students who are slightly or severely mentally challenged and students who have behavioral or personality disorders, physical disabilities, illnesses (e.g., are convalescing), vision problems, hearing problems, or instrumental problems (e.g., language or speech development problems). Like the regular educational system, the special education system works to achieve the objectives outlined by the core skills. Depending on the acquired competencies, students may obtain the Basic Studies Certificate (Certificat d’études de base) and other educational certifications.