Reading Instruction in the Primary Grades
Instructional Materials
The Ministry of Education provides all public school students with Arabic language textbooks for free. Considered the main tools for reading, these books are predominantly produced, compiled, and printed by the Ministry of Education. Recently, the Ministry started publishing electronic copies of these textbooks for Arabic teachersʼ use during lessons.12 Reading textbooks are composed of a variety of informational and literary texts followed by comprehension activities.
Use of Technology
In 2004, the Ministry of Education conducted H.M. King Hamadʼs Schools of the Future project, which utilized Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in learning and teaching processes. This project provides a modern learning environment fully supported by modern technology. This was implemented in all schools by providing electronic classrooms, smart/interactive boards, and software. All teachers, including the Arabic language teachers, were specially trained to apply ICT in their teaching, which further enhanced reading lessons with the appropriate activities using technology. Currently, the second phase of using the e‑learning system has progressed by launching the Digital Empowerment Project through EduNet, an educational portal. The purpose of this portal is to make the digital content—including the curriculum and interactive learning activities—of all subjects available for students, teachers, and parents in Bahrain at all times.
Role of Reading Specialists
Reading specialists are not available in schools in Bahrain. However, special education specialists carry out their responsibilities regarding students with reading difficulties.
Second Language Instruction
The Ministry of Education has implemented a special program for non-native speakers of Arabic. These students are provided with special books, and supportive extra classes are organized for and tailored to their needs.