References

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Snyder, T.D., de Brey, C., & Dillow, S.A. (2016). Table 701.60. Public libraries, books and serial volumes, and per capita usage of selected library services per year, by state: Fiscal years 2012 and 2013. In Digest of education statistics. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d15/tables/dt15_701.60.asp

Snyder, T.D., de Brey, C., & Dillow, S.A. (2016). Table 701.10. Selected statistics on public school libraries/media centers, by level of school: Selected years, 1999–2000 through 2011–12. In Digest of education statistics. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d15/tables/dt15_701.10.asp

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act at fifty: A changing federal role in American education. History of Education Quarterly, 56(2), 358–361.

Every Student Succeeds Act, 20 U.S.C. § 2226 (2015).

Guthrie, J.W., & Wong, K.K. (2008). Politics, political cultures, and government. In H.F. Ladd & E.B. Fiske (Eds.), Handbook of research in education finance and policy (pp. 61–77). New York: Routledge.

International Affairs Office, U.S. Department of Education. (2008). Organization of U.S. education: State role I—Primary and secondary education. Retrieved from https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ous/international/usnei/us/elsec.doc

International Affairs Office, U.S. Department of Education. (2008). Organization of U.S. Education: The local role. Retrieved from https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ous/international/usnei/us/local.doc

Snyder, T.D., de Brey, C., & Dillow, S.A. (2016). Table 214.20. Number and percentage distribution of regular public school districts and students, by enrollment size of district: Selected years, 1979–80 through 2014–15. In Digest of education statistics 2015. Table 214.20. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d16/tables/dt16_214.20.asp?current=yes

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McGuire, T.J., & Papke, L.E. (2008). Local funding of schools: The property tax and its alternatives. In H.F. Ladd & E.B. Fiske (Eds.), Handbook of research in education finance and policy (pp. 357–368). New York: Routledge.

Goldin, C. (2006). A brief history of education. In S.B. Carter, S.S. Gartner, M.R. Haines, A.L. Olmstead, R. Sutch, & G. Wright (Eds.), Historical statistics of the United States: Millennial edition (pp. 2-387–2-397). New York: Cambridge.

Gordon, N.E. (2008). The changing federal role in education finance and governance. In H.F. Ladd & E.B. Fiske (Eds.), Handbook of research in education finance and policy (pp. 295–313). New York: Routledge.

Erpenbach, W.J. (2014). A study of states’ requests for waivers from requirements of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001: New developments in 2013–14. Retrieved from https://www.ccsso.org/Documents/2014/ASR_SCASS_ESEA%20Flex%20Addendum.pdf

Every Student Succeeds Act, 20 U.S.C. § 1111 (2015).

Snyder, T.D., de Brey, C., & Dillow, S.A. (2016). Table 105.50. Number of educational institutions, by level and control of institution: Selected years, 1980–81 through 2014–15. In Digest of education statistics 2015. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d16/tables/dt16_105.50.asp?current=yes

Snyder, T.D., de Brey, C., & Dillow, S.A. (2016). Table 216.45. Average enrollment and percentage distribution of public elementary and secondary schools, by level, type, and enrollment size: Selected years, 1982-83 through 2014-15. In Digest of education statistics 2015. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d16/tables/dt16_216.45.asp?current=yes

Snyder, T.D., de Brey, C., & Dillow, S.A. (2016). Table 216.43. Number of public elementary and secondary schools reporting enrollment, by enrollment size of school and state: 2014-15. In Digest of education statistics 2015. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d16/tables/dt16_216.43.asp?current=yes

Loeb, S., & Bassok, D. (2008). Early childhood and the achievement gap. In H.F. Ladd & E.B. Fiske (Eds.), Handbook of research in education finance and policy (pp. 517–534). New York: Routledge.

Snyder, T.D., de Brey, C., & Dillow, S.A. (2016). Table 202.10. Enrollment of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children in preprimary programs, by age of child, level of program, control of program, and attendance status: Selected years, 1970 through 2014. In Digest of education statistics 2015. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d15/tables/dt15_202.10.asp

U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics. (2012). Figure 1. The structure of education in the United States. In Digest of education statistics 2011. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d11/figures/fig_01.asp

U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics. (2014). Table 5.3. Types of state and district requirements for kindergarten entrance and attendance, by state: 2014. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/statereform/tab5_3.asp

Snyder, T.D., de Brey, C., & Dillow, S.A. (2016). Table 202.10. Enrollment of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children in preprimary programs, by age of child, level of program, control of program, and attendance status: Selected years, 1970 through 2015. In Digest of education statistics 2015. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d16/tables/dt16_202.10.asp?current=yes

Goldring, R., Gray, L., & Bitterman, A. (2013). Characteristics of public and private elementary and secondary school teachers in the United States: Results from the 2011–12 schools and staffing survey. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2013/2013314.pdf

Baldi, S., Warner-Griffin, C., & Tadler, C. (2015). Education and certification qualifications of public middle grades teachers of selected subjects: Evidence from the 2011–12 Schools and Staffing Survey (NCES 2015-815). Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2015/2015815.pdf

Bifulco, R., & Ladd, H.F. (2006). The impacts of charter schools on student achievement: Evidence from North Carolina. Education Finance and Policy, 1(1), 50–90.

Snyder, T.D., de Brey, C., & Dillow, S.A. (2016). Table 216.90. Public elementary and secondary charter schools and enrollment, by state: Selected years, 1999-2000 through 2014-15. In Digest of education statistics 2015. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d16/tables/dt16_216.90.asp?current=yes

Snyder, T.D., de Brey, C., & Dillow, S.A. (2016). Table 205.40. Number and percentage distribution of private elementary and secondary students, teachers, and schools, by orientation of school and selected characteristics: Fall 1999, fall 2009, and fall 2013. In Digest of education statistics 2015. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d15/tables/dt15_205.40.asp?current=yes

Snyder, T.D., de Brey, C., & Dillow, S.A. (2016). Table 105.20. Enrollment in elementary, secondary, and degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by level and control of institution, enrollment level, and attendance status and sex of student: Selected years, fall 1990 through fall 2026. In Digest of education statistics 2016. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d16/tables/dt16_105.20.asp

Snyder, T.D., de Brey, C., & Dillow, S.A. (2016). Table 206.10. Number and percentage of homeschooled students ages 5 through 17 with a grade equivalent of kindergarten through 12th grade, by selected child, parent, and household characteristics: 2003, 2007, and 2012. In Digest of education statistics 2015. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d15/tables/dt15_206.10.asp?current=yes

U.S. Department of Education. (2010). Improving basic programs operated by local education agencies (Title I, Part A). Retrieved from https://www2.ed.gov/programs/titleiparta/index.html

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Ujifusa, A. (2016). Snapshot: Tracking the Common Core. Education Week, 36(11): 16. Retrieved from https://www.edweek.org/ew/section/multimedia/map-states-academic-standards-common-core-or.html

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U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics. (2014). Table 3. Number of teachers and percentage of teachers who reported that they entered teaching through an alternative certification program, by selected school and teacher characteristics: 2007–08 and 2011–12. Schools and Staffing Survey 2011–12. Table 3. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/sass/tables/sass1112_2014_01_t1n.asp

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Rotermund, S., Deroche, J., & Ottem, R. (Forthcoming) Teacher professional development by selected teacher and school characteristics: 2011–12 (NCES 2017-200). Washington, D.C.: National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education.

Education Commission of the States. (2016). 50-state comparison. K-3 quality: What are the requirements for teacher training or professional development in reading? Retrieved from https://ecs.force.com/mbdata/mbquestRT?rep=KQ304

U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics. (2014). Table 8. Percentage of public school teachers who participated in various types of professional development in the past 12 months, by state: 2011–12. In Schools and Staffing Survey 2011-12. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/sass/tables/sass1112_2013314_t1s_008.asp

Croft, A., Coggshall, J.G., Dolan, M., Powers, E., & Killion, J. (2010, April). Job-embedded professional development: What it is, who is responsible, and how to get it done well (Issue brief). Retrieved from https://www.gtlcenter.org/sites/default/files/docs/JEPD%20Issue%20Brief.pdf

Snyder, T.D., de Brey, C., & Dillow, S.A. (2016). Table 234.20. Minimum amount of instructional time per year and policies on textbooks, by state: Selected years, 2000 through 2014. In Digest of education statistics 2015. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d15/tables/dt15_234.20.asp?current=yes

Snyder, T.D., de Brey, C., & Dillow, S.A. (2016). Table 218.10. Number and internet access of instructional computers and rooms in public schools, by selected school characteristics: Selected years, 1995 through 2008. In Digest of education statistics 2015. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d15/tables/dt15_218.10.asp?current=yes

Gray, L., Thomas, N., & Lewis, L. (2010). Teachers’ use of educational technology in U.S. public schools: 2009 (NCES 2010-040). Table 2. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2010/2010040.pdf

Gray, L., Thomas, N., & Lewis, L. (2010). Teachers’ use of educational technology in U.S. public schools: 2009 (NCES 2010-040). Table 6. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2010/2010040.pdf

Tallerico, K. (2013). Meet the promise of content standards: The role of technology for teacher and student learning. Retrieved from https://learningforward.org/docs/default-source/commoncore/the-role-of-technology-for-teacher-and-student-learning.pdf

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Allington, R.L. (2006, February/March). Reading specialists, reading teachers, reading coaches: A question of credentials. Reading Today, 23(4), 16–17.

Williams, A., & Ortlieb, E. (2014) Reading specialistsʼ perceptions and pedagogical practices towards struggling readers. International Journal of Education, 6(2), 82–96.

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Snyder, T.D., de Brey, C., & Dillow, S.A. (2016). Table 234.30. Course credit requirements and exit exam requirements for a standard high school diploma and the use of other high school completion credentials, by state: 2013. In Digest of education statistics 2015. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d15/tables/dt15_234.30.asp?current=yes

U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics. (2016). What does the NAEP reading assessment measure? Retrieved from https://www.nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/reading/whatmeasure.asp

Gamse, B.C., Jacob, R.T., Horst, M., Boulay, B., Unlu, F., Bozzi, L., et al. (2008). Reading First impact study: Final report (NCEE 2009-4038). Retrieved from https://ies.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=NCEE20094038

Every Student Succeeds Act, 20 U.S.C. § 2221 (2015).

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Resmovits, J. (2012, December). International tests show East Asian students outperform world as U.S. holds steady. The Huffington Post. Retrieved from https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/12/11/international-tests-show-_n_2273134.html